Writing is among the greatest inventions in human history, perhaps the greatest invention, since it made history possible.
This sentence opens my global history of scripts, The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs and Pictograms (1995), a bestseller
translated into twelve languages, including Chinese and Japanese.
"I don't know how to thank you for your fascinating book", wrote
Henri Cartier-Bresson--the iconic photographer, also a fine graphic artist and writer (The Decisive Moment)--in a handwritten letter to me in 1995. "Graphology ... gives such a pleasure by the link between the eye, the mind and the fingers handling a little tool, instead of the
des humanisation (sic) in communication through electronic systems":
Many of us are fascinated by writing--whether handwritten, printed or electronic. By its uncertain pictographic origins, maybe in Ice Age art. By its five millennia of development, from proto-cuneiform inscribed on a Mesopotamian clay tablet (shown here) to the World Wide Web. And by its revolutionary, as yet little understood, capacity to render evanescent speech, thought and feeling visible and readable.
As the author of about 30 books--six on scripts, decipherment and the evolution of writing--I've ranged over five millennia, exploring both the humanities and the sciences of many periods and cultures, from ancient Egypt, Greece and the Indus Valley to modern Europe, the USA and India. For example, Einstein on the Run: How Britain Saved the World's Greatest Scientist (Yale UP, 2019), discusses Albert Einstein's lifelong entanglement with the physics, politics and culture of Britain: his refuge from Nazi death threats in 1933. Other titles include:
(Oneworld/Pi Press)
As a journalist (former literary editor of The Times Higher
Education Supplement), I've written articles on equally varied subjects for leading newspapers and magazines. For example:
feature on Thomas Young, "the last man who knew everything"
--feature on the forgotten British earthquakes of 1750
--review of a book about Stalin and Soviet science
The Wall Street Journal--feature on the solar eclipse of 1919
--feature on the significance of Young on his birth anniversary
As indicated above, my books/journalism have discussed in detail:
BOOKS: OVERVIEW AND REVIEWS
Together, the books embrace three main subjects:
Linear B: The Story of Michael Ventris
They include six biographies, covering both arts and sciences, about:
freedom fighter (alongside Gandhi)--India's first Nobel laureate
Their English-language publishers are both general and academic:
with translations into thirteen European languages, as well as
Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Taiwanese, Vietnamese.
Reviews/comments on the books have come from some leading
artists and scientists, including Nobel laureates in economics, literature and science: film director Lindsay Anderson, film director/actor Richard
Attenborough, astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell, photographer
Henri Cartier-Bresson, science-fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke,
archaeologists Michael Coe and Brian Fagan, historian Diana Kormos-
Buchwald, song-writer Tom Lehrer, environmentalist James Lovelock,
astronomer Patrick Moore, writer V. S. Naipaul, chemist Ilya Prigogine,
poet Kathleen Raine, film director Satyajit Ray (read his foreword to
The Art of Rabindranath Tagore), astronomer Martin Rees, writer
Salman Rushdie, economist Amartya Sen, physician David Weatherall.
For instance, from the arts and humanities:
on Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye (André Deutsch, 1989/I.B.Tauris/
Bloomsbury)
"A signal salute to integrity"
--review in The Spectator
on Satyajit Ray: A Vision of Cinema (I.B.Tauris, 2005)
"Quite magical"
--letter to author (2005)
on Lost Languages (McGraw-Hill, 2002/Thames & Hudson)
"Andrew Robinson has now followed up his beautifully
illustrated The Story of Writing with a highly appropriate sequel:
Lost Languages, on undeciphered scripts. Many, it seems likely,
will never be deciphered—which raises an interesting question.
If we cannot always understand messages from our fellow
humans—how successful will we be when we receive the first
communication from Outer Space?"
--comment on hardback edition
on The Indus (Reaktion Books, 2015)
"Everyone interested in ancient civilisations should read this
eloquent, closely argued biography (it is nothing less) that brings
the Indus people in from the historical shadows."
--comment on hardback edition
on Selected Letters of Rabindranath Tagore (Cambridge UP,
1997)
--with a foreword by Amartya Sen (Nobel laureate)
"A triumphant work of scholarship, expertly annotated and
beautifully designed"
--review in The Daily Telegraph
on India: A Short History (Thames & Hudson, 2014)
"Pithy, admirable ... a most refreshing résumé"
--review in The Times Literary Supplement
on The Last Man Who Knew Everything (Oneworld/Pi Press,
2006)
"I must confess that—to my shame—I was unaware of the career
of Thomas Young. Clearly he was an extraordinary man. (If I
may paraphrase myself: When Thomas Young was my age, he
had been dead for 22 years.) And this is clearly an extraordinary
book."
--letter to author (2006)
on Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye (André Deutsch, 1989/I.B.Tauris/
Bloomsbury)
"An extraordinarily good, detailed and selfless book"
--comment on paperback edition
on Rabindranath Tagore (Bloomsbury, 1995/I.B.Tauris)
"It has been a pleasure to read a well-written, well-researched
and well-documented biography."
--review in The Tablet
on Cracking the Egyptian Code (Thames & Hudson/Oxford UP
USA, 2012)
"This is a spirited account of a fascinating subject: the birth of
Egyptology ... written with verve, elegance and perception."
--review in The Financial Times
on Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye (André Deutsch, 1989/I.B.Tauris/
Bloomsbury)
"Extremely thorough, often perceptive and at times highly
entertaining"
--review in the London Review of Books
And from the sciences:
on The Last Man Who Knew Everything (Oneworld/Pi Press,
2006)
"It is wonderful to have such an elegant biography of this
remarkable man."
--comment on hardback edition
on Einstein on the Run (Yale UP, 2019)
"A well-researched and very readable book about a less well-
known period in Einstein's life"
--comment on hardback edition
on Rabindranath Tagore (Bloomsbury, 1995/I.B.Tauris)
"The entire book was a revelation to me ... It brings out very
clearly that Tagore was intellectually more perceptive than
Gandhi."
--comment on paperback edition
on Einstein on the Run (Yale UP, 2019)
"A jewel of a book, to be read by anyone interested in Einstein,
his science, his peripatetic existence, his joys and travails."
--comment on hardback edition
on Earthshock (Thames & Hudson, 1993)
"A wonderful compilation of the things that can happen when
our planet does no more than turn in its long sleep"
--comment on paperback edition
on Sudden Genius? (Oxford UP, 2010)
"a beautifully written book about [the science] of creativity"
--comment on hardback edition
on Einstein: A Hundred Years of Relativity (Princeton UP, 2015)
"By far the best book about Einstein that I have ever come
across"
--review in BBC Sky at Night
on Earth-Shattering Events (Thames & Hudson, 2016)
"A truly welcome, and refreshing, study that puts earthquake
impact on history into a proper perspective"
--comment on hardback edition
on Rabindranath Tagore (Bloomsbury, 1995/I.B.Tauris)
"A fascinating book about a fascinating man, a work that
addresses the profound conflict between eastern spirituality and
western rationality"
--comment on paperback edition
on Einstein on the Run (Yale UP, 2019)
"Robinson's evocative account of a transitional phase in Einstein's
life offers a valuable new perspective on this great scientist's
personality."
--comment on paperback edition
on The Scientists (Thames & Hudson, 2012)
"This excellent celebration of the evolution of science over the
centuries should be of broad interest to scientists and non-
scientists alike—it will also be a wonderful stimulus to young
people thinking about a career in science."
--review in The Lancet
See Books and Book Extracts pages for further details and reviews.
BOOKS: RECENT AND FORTHCOMING
Seven new editions and a new book Einstein in Oxford, published in 2021-25, epitomise my main subjects:
The Scientists (2023), The Last Man Who Knew Everything
(2023) and Einstein in Oxford (2024)
The Indus (2021)
India: A Short History (2025)
EINSTEIN ON THE RUN (2021)
Einstein on the Run: How Britain Saved the World's Greatest Scientist appeared in hardback in 2019 in the UK and USA. According to Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, the book offers "a valuable new perspective", while writer Ali Smith calls it "an inspiration" for one of her novels--as quoted on the paperback cover shown here (see the full cover). The paperback appeared in 2021, the centenary of Einstein's inaugural visit to Britain in 1921 (see the press release). Read an excerpt, "I shall never forget the kindness", published in Time magazine in 2019.
Here is a sketch of the book, which is the first to be devoted to Britain and Einstein. British science inspired Einstein's physics from the 1890s. Then, in 1919, British astronomers made him world famous. In 1933, a British MP saved Einstein from Nazi assassination by offering him sanctuary in Britain, as suggested in three 1933 images opposite: a Nazi caricature, a British caricature and a photograph of Einstein under armed guard in rural Norfolk. In 1955, just before his death, he worked with Bertrand Russell on a famous joint peace manifesto. The book is a biographical study, narrating Einstein's scientific, political and cultural relationship with Britain over half a century. It was published during the centenary of the 1919 solar eclipse that confirmed his theory of general relativity and launched him as an international star.
About the 1919 eclipse centenary, I wrote "The experiment that made Einstein famous" (download article) in The Wall Street Journal, and two reviews of related books: "The eclipse that made Einstein famous" in Science, and "A relative revolution" in Physics World. Other aspects of Einstein--such as why the world loves to quote (and often misquote!) him--appear in these articles, published since 2018 in a wide range of publications:
Reviews of Einstein on the Run include these comments:
(Emily Winterburn, BBC Sky at Night)
(Barbara Kiser, Nature)
(Ian Randall, Physics World)
--a beguiling mix of idealism and down-to-earth opinions, free of
pretensions or pomposity."
(P. D. Smith, The Times Literary Supplement)
(Andrew Crumey, The Wall Street Journal)
Hear my interview "Einstein on the run" on Cool Science Radio, KPCW.
THE INDUS (2021)
The Indus: Lost Civilizations (2015)--the inaugural hardback in a now-
extensive series, Lost Civilizations--appeared in paperback in 2021,
the centenary of the discovery of the Indus civilization (2600-1900 BC). According to the review on the paperback cover, The Indus is:
(Current World Archaeology)
Michael Wood, historian and television presenter, calls the book:
In the exquisite ancient Indus sealstone on the book's cover, a unicorn-like creature stands before what may be an incense burner, beneath four tantalising signs--maybe the name of the seal's owner? We don't know, because Indus writing is undeciphered, despite a century of study by diverse experts and numerous claims of decipherment. The Indus script is the world's most deciphered script!
Read my features about the script and the civilisation as a whole:
SATYAJIT RAY (2021)
Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye (1989, 2nd edn 2004) was published in a third edition by Bloomsbury in the UK, USA and India in 2021, to celebrate Ray's birth centenary. See the front and back cover.
Satyajit Ray (1921-92), India's greatest film director, was
internationally admired by directors including Lindsay Anderson, Michelangelo Antonioni, Richard Attenborough, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, John Huston, James Ivory, Akira Kurosawa, Jean Renoir and Martin Scorsese, plus other artists as diverse as Henri Cartier-Bresson, V. S. Naipaul and Mstislav Rostropovitch. "Not to have seen the cinema of Ray means existing in the world without seeing the sun or the moon", said Kurosawa. "The films of Satyajit Ray are truly treasures of cinema, and everyone with an interest in film needs to see them", Scorsese told me in 2021, as quoted in my Ray centenary features:
--about Ray's unmade sci-fi script "The Alien" that influenced E.T.
New material in the third edition includes: "A Century of Ray"--an
assessment of the nature of his genius; and "Ray in Conversation"--an extensive Q&A discussion with Ray about his life and work, based on my interviews with him recorded in the 1980s.
CRACKING THE EGYPTIAN CODE (2022)
Cracking the Egyptian Code (2012, pbk 2018) was updated in paperback with a new preface, "Deciphering Tutankhamun", in 2022: the bicentenary of the hieroglyphic decipherment, and the centenary of the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb--which was identified from its hieroglyphic cartouches.
See the paperback's front cover shown here. According to the reviews quoted on the back cover, the book is:
(John H. Taylor, Egyptologist, Curator at the Department of
Egypt and Sudan, British Museum)
(Michael D. Coe, Mayanist, author of Breaking the Maya Code)
Read the preface, "Deciphering Tutankhamun", and also:
THE SCIENTISTS (2023)
The Scientists (2012) appeared in paperback in early 2023 with a new postscript. Edited by me, with 36 contributors drawn from well-known scientists, historians of science and science writers, such as physicist Frank Close, Darwin authority Alison Pearn and broadcaster Patrick Moore--a "stellar" team, according to Nature's hardback review--the book consists of some 40 essays on scientists from the past five centuries, superbly illustrated with historical and recent images in both B/W and colour. Beginning with the 16th-century astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and concluding with the 20th-century archaeologists and anthropologists Louis and Mary Leakey, the collection covers almost all fields of science, from cosmology and quantum physics to medicine and genetics. The new postscript discusses "Science and scientists in our time", focusing on the modern research trend away from solo scientists like Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein, and duos like Marie and Pierre Curie, to group collaborations such as the Human Genome Project, Large Hadron Collider and World Wide Web Consortium.
See the paperback cover shown here and an advance information release from the publisher Thames & Hudson.
THE LAST MAN WHO KNEW EVERYTHING (2023)
The Last Man Who Knew Everything, published in 2006, appeared in a revised edition in 2023 (Thomas Young's 250th birth anniversary):
https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0344
See the front and back cover.
(Patrick Moore, astronomer, 2006)
(Irving Finkel, philologist, British Museum Magazine, 2023)
The 2023 edition has a new foreword by Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal--also published in Physics World (shown here)--who writes: "By portraying Thomas Young from a broad and engaging perspective, Andrew Robinson brings a great polymath to life". Plus my new postscript, "Polymathy then--and now?", with the following comment:
Read my articles on polymathy:
EINSTEIN IN OXFORD (2024)
Einstein in Oxford--the first book on this subject--was published by Bodleian Library Publishing, based in Oxford, in September 2024, with a Foreword by Silke Ackermann, Director of the History of Science Museum at Oxford.
Albert Einstein visited Oxford in 1931, to receive an honorary degree and to lecture on relativity and the Universe. While lecturing, he naturally chalked equations and diagrams on several blackboards. One of these is today the most popular object in the History of Science Museum: a "relic of a secular saint", according to its curators. Yet Einstein tried to prevent its preservation because he was modest about his legendary status. Having failed, he complained to his diary: "Not even a cart-horse could endure so much!" Nevertheless, he came back to Oxford in 1932 and again in 1933--now as a refugee from Nazi Germany. In many ways, the city appealed deeply and revealed him at his most charismatic, as he participated in its science, music and politics, and wandered around its centre alone. While staying in rooms at Christ Church College once occupied by the mathematician and writer Lewis Carroll, author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, he wrote a rhymed German poem--now kept in the Bodleian Library--describing himself as an old "hermit" and a roaming "barbarian". His diary entries, alongside observations from the people he met--such as the future novelist William Golding--also reveal his unique sense of humour. Einstein and 1930s Oxford were exquisitely matched and ill-matched, as the intimate and unfamiliar stories in this book reveal, thereby casting light on why Einstein remains the world's most famous scientist--as I describe in "Einstein's Oxford years", Science (2024) and "Einstein in Oxford", Nature (2024).
(David Clary, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Oxford,
former President of Magdalen College, Oxford)
(William Whyte, Professor of Social and Architectural History at
Oxford, and Chairman of the Oxford Preservation Trust)
See the full front and back cover and my blogpost about the book on the History of Science Museum website.
"The Origins of Writing": research project
Without the existence of writing, civilisation would be impossible as we know it today. Yet, surprisingly little is known for certain about the circumstances of this crucial human invention.
I am researching a global study of the origins of writing, commissioned by Yale University Press. It considers the following compelling questions, amongst many others:
here in a horse image from France, dated circa 13,000 BC--have
to do with the invention of writing in the fourth millennium BC?
As background, see my articles (including two opening chapters):
JOURNALISM: OVERVIEW
As a journalist--and Literary Editor of The Times Higher Education Supplement from 1994-2006--I have written features and reviews on the arts, humanities and sciences for newspapers and magazines based mainly in the UK, USA and India, as indicated above. Here are more articles, ranging over many subjects:
--profile of photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson at 90
--obituary of film director Akira Kurosawa
--profile of writer V. S. Naipaul at 70
--profile of scientist and writer Arthur C. Clarke at 90
--review of a biography of rocket engineer Wernher von Braun
--book review about writing systems, ancient and modern
[BBC] Focus
--feature on the history of measuring longitude
--cover feature on the Indus civilisation and utopia (shown here)
--review of a study of ancient Mesopotamian civilization
--review of a biography of Ravi Shankar
--feature about film director Satyajit Ray's graphic art held at the
British Museum
--review of a book on Chinese characters in China's culture and
politics during the past century
--review of a British Museum China exhibition
--feature on Albert Einstein, Frederick Lindemann and Oxford
See the Journalism page of this website for more articles, including my regular "Books in Brief" review column in Nature.
My articles have appeared in the following newspapers:
The Daily Telegraph, The Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The New York Times, The Times and The Wall Street Journal;
--in general magazines and journals including:
Aeon, The Author, BBC History Magazine, British Museum Magazine, Frontline, History Today, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Literary Review, London Library Magazine, London Magazine, Minerva, The Spectator, Sight and Sound, Times Higher Education and The Times Literary Supplement;
--in science magazines and journals including:
Antiquity, Current World Archaeology, E&T (Engineering and Technology), (BBC) Focus, Geoscientist, The Lancet, Nature, New Scientist (cover feature, "Utopia", about the Indus civilization, shown here), Physics World and Science;
--and in biographical entries of The Encyclopaedia Britannica and
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
I have also appeared on BBC Radio and BBC Television, and acted as a consultant for two BBC TV programmes, on Satyajit Ray (1988) and Michael Ventris (2002), based on Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye and
The Man Who Deciphered Linear B.
TALKS AND LECTURES
My talks and lectures have taken place at academic institutions, literary festivals and museums and at related events, such as the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford), the British Library (London), the British Museum (London), the Edinburgh International Book Festival, the Hay Festival of Literature, Kings Place (London), the Oxford Literary Festival, the Royal Institution (London) and the University of Oxford. See the Talks and Lectures page of this website.
For example, these recordings of talks and lectures:
an online lecture at the British Museum
at the Mathematical Institute, Oxford
I am a member of the Advisory Council of the Friends of the British Museum in London and the Advisory Board of Planet Word, a museum of language and writing in Washington DC.
EDUCATION AND CAREER
An alumnus of the Dragon School, Oxford, I was a King's Scholar of Eton College from 1970-74. My degrees are from University College, Oxford (in chemistry) and the School of Oriental and African Studies, London (in South Asian area studies). From 2006-10, I was a Visiting Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge, and am currently a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. My father, F. N. H. (Neville) Robinson, was a physicist at the University of Oxford from the 1950s to the 1990s.
I have received a number of academic research grants, notably:
I was on the staff of Macmillan Publishers from 1979-82; of Granada Television from 1983-88; and of the independent television production company Brian Lapping Associates from 1989-90. From
1994-2006, I was Literary Editor of The Times Higher Education Supplement. In 2007, I became a full-time author and journalist.
Read my articles in The Author about my career: "Entangled with Einstein" and "Polymathic pursuits"--on the pleasures and pitfalls of writing about many subjects--and hear me talking about the history of polymathy on BBC Radio 4.
CONTACT ADDRESS
andrew[at]andrew-robinson.org
([at] = @)
ANDREW ROBINSON
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